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New Explanation of “Existence and Functional Saying” by Wang Yangming’s Four Sentences
Author: Lu Yinghua (Doctor of Philosophy, American Nan Yilinoy, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Zhejiang Industry and Commerce)
Source: Baobao.com Rating Zhejiang Journal Issue 2, 2018
Time: Confucius was in the 2569th year of Wuxu, August 29th, Guiyou
Jesus October 8, 2018
Content summary:This article describes and examines several fair comments on the four sentences of Wang Yangming, especially the first sentence. “Speaking of the metaphysical body and the integrated realm” means that the metaphysical realm of Zhang Xin goes beyond the contrast between experience good and evil, and cannot be described with experience good and evil. “Unresponsible thoughts and original states” explains the indecisive attitude of being good and unfair, and presents the original state of the mind that comes out of the mind. The article highlights these two meanings and theoretical difficulties that we understand, and proposes “actual existence and functional display”. In this comment, the first sentence of the four-sentence teaching is not to make a value judgment or to describe the physical state, but to express the essence of the mind, that is, the actual existence of moral emotions. The mind does not belong to the norm of good or evil in the meaning of actual existence, that is, it is not only good or evil, but also the focus is on determining its existence and having specific functions. At the same time, this statement also contains the ultimate and innocent value judgment of the mind. Under this explanation, “the body of no good and no evil mind” can be translated as “the body of real existence of the mind”, and the last three sentences are explanations of the function of the mind. This kind of remarks will resolve some ethical problems.
Keywords: Wang Yangming/Four-sentence teaching/No goodness and no evil/The body of the mind/Confidant/It actually exists
Teacher Wang Yangming prefers the four-sentence teaching as its main teaching method, but people gather in their explanations of the four-sentence teaching. This article discusses the more just comments about the four-sentence teachings and points out which comments are the best understanding. The best evaluation criteria lies not only in the text’s connection with logic, but also in the integration of our lives and the moral integrity and can effectively promote moral integrity.
1. Metaphysical body and the state of harmony
The original text of the four sentences in “The Legend of the Confucianism” is: “No good and no evil is the body of the mind, good and evil is the movement of the mind, knowing that good and evil is the confidant, and doing good and evil is the investigation of things.” (315Article)① Wang Longxi made four unscrupulous revisions on the basis of Yangming’s comprehensive comprehensive foundation, saying: “If you say that the mind is free from goodness and evil, the mind is free from goodness and evil intention, knowledge is free from goodness and evil knowledge, and things are free from goodness and evil things.” This led to his dispute with Mo Dehong. (315) Wang Yangming’s reconciliation of the answers led to differences of comments. Wang Longxi and his supporters believed that Yangming’s original intention was that the four non-teaching methods were the most basic teaching methods, and the four-sentence teachings were power methods. And Yu Dehong’s record is exactly the opposite of the initiative. ②
Wang Longxi proposed that the four no teachings were based on his understanding of the first sentence of the four sentences of Yangming. Therefore, this article will focus on the interpretation of “no good and no evil mind”. It is necessary to point out that the focus of this article is to assess the explanation of the four-sentence teachings that double justice, rather than exploring Wang Longxi’s own thinking system. Longxi’s interpretation can be regarded as a kind of emotion of “metaphysical body and the fusion state” (simplely “metaphysical state”). Qin Jiayi also proposed this explanation: “The ‘mind’ that is not good or bad is the body that is super good or bad. Neither good or bad is the relationship between good or bad, nor is it a relationship between good or bad. Yangming distinguishes the real world of super good or bad from the real world of good or bad. … His fantasy saint is a person who transforms both body and mind, likes good as lust, and is afraid of evil as bad. This kind of person’s “heart” has become the Tao The difference between the mind is both the most good and the super good. ”③ She also wrote: “The author suggests that the word ‘physical’ represents the philosophical intrinsic theory’ (metaphysical) and the use ‘use’ represents the ‘physical theory’ (morality). ”④
Differentially speaking, the explanation includes two things: “metaphysical intrinsic theory” and “round state of harmony”. The latter is important to Wang Longxi. The former is in terms of the physical body of the mind, and the latter is in terms of the melting state achieved by the mind. Since the reality of the realm is also one with the body, these two statements can be combined into one. In the Eastern language, metaphysics (metaphysics) explores the ultimate reality of the world, and in the Chinese statement “The Way of Metaphysics” (“Yihe·Shizhe”), ⑤ Metaphysics means things beyond experience and energy; this already contains the meaning of the realm. It is said that the metaphysical mind goes beyond the good and evil opposition of experience, and it cannot achieve the achievement of experience. Good deeds are written. Wang Longxi said, “The mindless mind is hidden, the mindless mind is round, the mindless mind is silent, and the objectless object is useless. The nature of heaven is pure and good, and the spirit is touched by the gods, and the will cannot be tolerated, and no good can be named. If evil is solid, the essence of good is not achieved, and goodness cannot be obtained.” (“Tianquan Jiedao Note”) ⑥ The meaning of this explanation is to raise the state of clear, clear and wonderful response of the heart, and there are the following blind points.
The first blind point is in terms of intentional pictures. Although people who have experienced enlightenment and mysterious thoughts can learn four sentences, if we need this, what is the idea of Yangming advocating his central teaching method? If a certain school requiresIf you ask others to understand and master it after much trouble, and it is very easy to make people misunderstand it, then the words are not suitable for promoting the focus teachings of this study. On the contrary, this phrase is often criticized by its opponents. For example, the saying “When Buddha kills Buddha, when you meet ancestors,” does not mean disrespect for Buddha, but emphasizes internal understanding, does not rely on authority, and naturally in the dream, Ye is forced to witness the whole book, which mainly contains the meaning of the heroine’s non-pretentiousness. Even so, this statement will not be strongly distributed as an important teaching. ⑧Once you are mistakenly understood, there will be many dangers.
In Buddhism, why don’t you value the mysterious Confucianism? The teaching style of viewing Yangming and writing is simple and clear and straightforward. He used the teachings such as “to be a friend” and “integration of knowledge and action” as his focus and thoughts, but did not replace the former with the saying “the sky full of the streets is like a sunken sky, and there is snow falling. Song Wei dragged the suitcase saint” to promote the former. Even if he expresses a certain level of recognition of the door-to-door theory in a specific situation, he can gain correct understanding of this expression requirement by carefully distinguishing it. ⑨ Even if there is any error in the understanding of the statements such as “integration of knowledge and action”, it will not cause major problems, but if you know that “the streets are all saints”, you will be particularly sick. Wang Yangming would not be unaware that the term “no kindness and no evil spirit” and “the streets are all saints” will attract many criticisms. Yang Ming is still willing to believe that the teaching method of “no good and no evil mind” is the central teaching method, so he does not speak in a twists and turns on the meaning of the exquisite and mysterious state, but conveys its meaning by double the direct and easy-to-body method.
The second blind point is to ignore the energy that blocks your confidant. In his notes, Wang Longxi criticized Dehong for money through Yang Ming’s mouth: “Dehong must enter this pattern and become mysterious.” 10 It can be seen that for Longxi, the mysterious talent in the realm is the best. Since the mind is in its original body and realm, then the mind, knowledge, and things can only be inseparable from the mind. In terms of realm, Longxi’s initiative has not deviated from the sun. The problem is, is this sentence describing the realm of mysterious communication? The environment is the goal of self-cultivation,
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